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Category Archives: Research

Pilot Study Puts Mindfulness in NZ Schools

A November 16th article from Stuff.co.nz highlights the results of a pilot study by the Mental Health Foundation of New Zealand showing a mindfulness in primary schools programme may have “improved students’ self-control, attentiveness, respect for other classmates and enhanced the school’s mood.”

The eight-week programme includes:

  • “Week One: Coming Home: Introduction to mindful breathing – and mindful movements like ‘opening the curtains’, ‘the penguin’ and ‘seaweed’.
  • Two: Happiness Here and Now: Exploring the difference in happiness – how material things offer a temporary boost, whereas actions create a sustainable sense of wellbeing. Encouraging children to foster friendships and be kind.
  • Three: Everything for the First Time: Experiencing things freshly in each moment, helping students appreciate newness and things they often take for granted rather than getting stuck in unhelpful habits.
  • Four: All things Rising and Falling: Exploring physical sensations in the body. By now, children are aware their breathing is always rising and falling. Now that’s extended to emotions and how emotional states are ‘triggered’.
  • Five: Moving Still: Using a mind-jar (a glass jar filled with water and glitter) and engaging in the ‘neuron dance’, students learn about the brain and how mindfulness can settle a scattered mind.
  • Six: Kind Heart, Happy Heart: Mindful breathing, sending kind thoughts and practising gratitude.
  • Seven: Everything is Connected to Everything Else: Seeing the different connections between things and how being isolated and alone can be harmful.
  • Eight: Touching Base, Touching stillness: Kids bring in an object that reminds them to practice mindfulness.”

Click here to read the full article.

SAMHSA: Trauma and “Trauma-Informed” Care

The following is a deatiled release on ‘Trauma and “Trauma-Informed” Care’ from  SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Association of the USA).

The recently released Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) 57, Trauma-Informed Care in Behavioral Health Services (Trauma TIP), offers behavioral health service providers and program administrators information and practices to assist people who have experienced repeated, chronic, or multiple traumas. People who experience trauma are more likely to exhibit pronounced symptoms and consequences, including substance misuse, mental illness, and other health problems. For this reason, addressing trauma is a public health priority under the SAMHSA Trauma and Justice Strategic Initiative.

Trauma results from an event or a series of events that subsequently causes intense physical and psychological stress reactions. The individual’s functioning and emotional, physical, social, and spiritual health can be affected. Some of the most common traumatic experiences include violence, abuse, neglect, disaster, terrorism, and war. People of all ages, ethnic backgrounds, sexual orientations, and economic conditions may experience trauma. Trauma can affect a person’s functional ability – including interacting with others, performing at work, and sleeping – and contribute to responses – including isolation, anxiety, substance misuse, and overeating or under eating – that can increase health risks. Behavioral health service providers can benefit greatly from understanding the nature and impact of trauma and the benefits of a trauma-informed approach.

Adopting trauma-informed policies may require a fundamental cultural shift within organizations intended to promote a greater sense of equality and safety. This may lead to changes in governance and leadership; organizational policy; engagement and involvement of people in recovery, trauma survivors, consumers, and family members; cross-sector collaboration; services and interventions; training and workforce development; protocols and procedures; quality assurance; budgeting and financing; evaluation; and the physical environment of the organization.

Report on Peer Support Worker Roles | England, 2014

New Ways of Working in Mental Health Services: A qualitative, comparative case study assessing and informing the emergence of new peer worker roles in mental health services in England
~ National Institute for Health Research, July 2014 

“Conclusions: Key barriers to, and facilitators of, peer worker role adoption were identified, including valuing the differential knowledge and practice that peer workers brought to the role (especially around maintaining personally, rather than professionally defined boundaries); maintaining peer identity in a role of work; changing organisational structures to support peer workers to remain well in their work; and challenging organisational cultures to empower peer workers to use their lived experience. Recommendations for future research include developing a theoretical framework articulating the change mechanisms underpinning ‘what peer workers do’, piloting and formally evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of peer worker interventions, and mixed-method research to better understand the impact of working as a peer worker.”

Click here to read the full report

Taylor and Francis: New Research Article on First-episode Psychosis

A fascinating new article has been published in full on the Taylor and Francis website. The full title and abstract are below. One of their conclusions is that people can use some coping strategies which are “adaptive” and some which may not be so good for us. Also they decide “growth” is important.

Recovery and adaptation after first-episode psychosis: The relevance of posttraumatic growth
Jane E. Dunkley & Glen W. Bates

This research expanded the concept of recovery following first-episode psychosis (FEP) to include the possibility of posttraumatic growth (PTG), particularly in improved relationships and views of others. Accounts of recovery and adaptation from FEP in the context of a trauma model were examined. FEP is defined as the first treated episode in an individual’s lifetime. A longitudinal qualitative study was conducted utilising a thematic analysis derived from interpretative phenomenological analysis of interview data. Ten people were interviewed three to six months following their psychotic episode and again three months after their initial interview. Analysis of interview data revealed that people actively manage their experience of FEP and utilise adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. Both restorative and constructive processes and outcomes were relevant, with growth integral to recovery. The identification of PTG after FEP has important clinical implications.

DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2014.936027

New Study: no such thing as chemical imbalance?

A recent study looked at the “Effects of a chemical imbalance causal explanation on individuals’ perceptions of their depressive symptoms.”

A group of participants was given “a bogus but credible biological test demonstrating their depressive symptoms to be caused, or not caused, by a chemical imbalance in the brain”.

“Results showed that chemical imbalance test feedback failed to reduce self-blame, elicited worse prognostic pessimism and negative mood regulation expectancies, and led participants to view pharmacotherapy as more credible and effective than psychotherapy. The present findings add to a growing literature highlighting the unhelpful and potentially iatrogenic effects of attributing depressive symptoms to a chemical imbalance.”

In short, it might be harmful to believe that you have a chemical imbalance. A diagnosis of “depression caused by chemical imbalance” might cause depression.

Study authors:

Joshua J. Kempa, James J. Lickelb, Brett J. Deacona

Link here.

 

 

 

Mental Health Foundation’s New Report: Stories of Success

Stories of friendship, acceptance and social inclusion are being shared in a new report released by the Mental Health Foundation.

In association with Like Minds, Like Mine, Stories of Success is the latest part of a national programme to reduce the stigma and discrimination associated with mental illness.

“Social inclusion is a basic human need and right,” says Hugh Norriss from the Mental Health Foundation of NZ in the report.

The report reveals the powerful role friends, whānau, employers, and others play in recovery from mental illness.

Full press release here.

Report here.

Share Your Experience of High Risk Medicines

This is a request for patients/consumers/family/whanau interested in being interviewed to tell their story about their experience of being on what are known as ‘high risk medicines’.

As you may know in May 2013 the Commission launched a national patient safety campaign to reduce harm from falls, healthcare associated infections, surgery, and medication.

As part this campaign, the Commission wants to develop consumer stories involving high-risk medicines.  High-risk medicines include anticoagulants (eg, warfarin, heparin), opioids (eg, morphine, oxycodone, and fentanyl), insulin, concentrated potassium injection and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (eg, methotrexate, azathioprine).

Listening to the experiences of health consumers is at the heart of consumer engagement within the health system. The stories give staff and decision-makers a window into the consumer’s world, their experience of the health service and their perceptions of the quality of care they received. You might like to share things like:

  • How did you come to be on this medicine
  • What it is like to be put on these medicines
  • Whether you had explained to you in a way you can understand what the side effects and risks might be
  • Whether you had explained to you in a way you can understand what the medicine is for
  • What you have learned about taking this medicine, ie how your life has been affected
  • How you are getting on now taking this medicine
  • What advice would you give to anyone else taking the same medicine as you

The Commission wants to find patients and clinicians willing to be involved and tell their stories.  These stories will be provided to a wide range of people working in the health and disability sector, and will be aimed at health policy and decision-makers as well as the general public.

The commitment required is a couple of phone calls as way of introduction, setting up the interview etc., an initial interview, and review of the written story to make sure you are happy with it.  If it is an audio visual one then obviously the commitment may require some travelling to where you can be filmed and things like travel and reimbursement will be discussed.

If you are interested, or want more information please ring Natalie Ganley on 021 322 205 or e mail her at Natalie.ganley@hqsc.govt.nz where you will be able to find out more and have all your questions answered. Natalie works Monday to Wednesday in the Auckland office (of the Health Quality & Safety Commission) where the land line is Ph: 09 580 9075

Research Articles from the BMC Psychiatry Journal

Here are some Research Articles from the BMC Psychiatry Journal:

Personality dimensions of schizophrenia patients compared to control subjects by gender and the relationship with illness severity

Miralles C, Alonso Y, Verge B, Setó S, Gaviria AM, Moreno L, Cortés MJ, Gutiérrez-Zotes A, Vilella E, Martorell L

BMC Psychiatry 2014, 14 :151 (24 May 2014)

Abstract | Provisional PDF

Suicide and suicide attempts in people with severe mental disorders in Butajira, Ethiopia: 10 year follow-up of a population-based cohort

Shibre T, Hanlon C, Medhin G, Alem A, Kebede D, Teferra S, Kullgren G, Jacobsson L, Fekadu A

BMC Psychiatry 2014, 14 :150 (23 May 2014)

Abstract | Provisional PDF

Why alternative teenagers self-harm: exploring the link between non-suicidal self-injury, attempted suicide and adolescent identity

Young R, Sproeber N, Groschwitz RC, Preiss M, Plener PL

BMC Psychiatry 2014, 14 :137 (22 May 2014)

Abstract | Provisional PDF

A comparison of the characteristics of suicide attempters with and without psychiatric consultation before their suicidal behaviours: a cross-sectional study

Harada K, Eto N, Honda Y, Kawano N, Ogushi Y, Matsuo M, Nishimura R

BMC Psychiatry 2014, 14 :146 (21 May 2014)

Abstract | Full text | PDF

Gender differences in suicide attempters: a retrospective study of precipitating factors for suicide attempts at a critical emergency unit in Japan

Narishige R, Kawashima Y, Otaka Y, Saito T, Okubo Y

BMC Psychiatry 2014, 14 :144 (19 May 2014)

Abstract | Full text | PDF

Provision of group psychoeducation for relatives of persons in inpatient depression treatment – a cross-sectional survey of acute care hospitals in Germany

Frank F, Rummel-Kluge C, Berger M, Bitzer EM, Hölzel LP

BMC Psychiatry 2014, 14 :143 (19 May 2014)

Abstract | Full text | PDF

Research Articles available from Taylor and Francis Online

Here are some notable Research Articles available from Taylor and Francis Online:

“Schizophrenia” in the Australian print and online news media
Belinda Cain, Roseanne Currie, Eleanor Danks, Fiona Du, Erica Hodgson, Jennifer May, Kirsty O’Loghlen, Yen Phan, Jennifer Powter, Nayab Rizwan, Shazmi Shahim, Dominique Simsion, Steve Loughnan & Nick Haslam
Pages: 97-106

Delusional disorders: Prevalence in two socially differentiated neighborhoods of Barcelona
Jorge L. Tizón, Noemí Morales, Jordi Artigue, Yanet Quijada, Conxita Pérez, Francesc Pareja & Manel Salamero
Pages: 107-116

Psychosis and poverty: Coping with poverty and severe mental illness in everyday life
Alain Topor, Gunnel Andersson, Anne Denhov, Miss Sara Holmqvist, Maria Mattsson, Claes-Göran Stefansson & Per Bülow
Pages: 117-127

Family intervention for psychosis: Impact of training on clinicians’ attitudes, knowledge and behaviour
Jacqueline Sin, Steven Livingstone, Maria Griffiths & Catherine Gamble
Pages: 128-142

Developmental pathway to paranoia is mediated by negative self-concept and experiential avoidance
Alisa Udachina & Richard P. Bentall
Pages: 143-154

Metacognitive Narrative Psychotherapy for people diagnosed with schizophrenia: An outline of a principle-based treatment manual
Rebecca Bargenquast & Robert Schweitzer
Pages: 155-165

Avatar therapy for persecutory auditory hallucinations: What is it and how does it work?
Julian Leff, Geoffrey Williams, Mark Huckvale, Maurice Arbuthnot & Alex P. Leff
Pages: 166-176

Tackling Mental Health Problems among People with an Intellectual Disability

The website MedicalExpress.com has released news from the University of New South Wales that a new resource is being launched to tackle mental health problems among people with an intellectual disability and to improve the system that is currently failing them.

The Accessible Mental Health Services for People with an Intellectual Disability: A Guide for Providers (otherwise known as The Guide) has been developed by UNSW researchers and will provide a national framework for action for all frontline mental health service professionals. It is being launched at the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2014 Congress in Perth.

More information here.